Gatsby :: essays research papers

The American Dream     I have just canvass a falsehood called "The Great Gatsby" this novel was based in the 1920s. In this novel there are lots of drinking, and parting. In this essay Ill be committal to writing about how the novel condemns the belief of "The American Dream", this belief states that, hard working people are successful and live happy lives. And in this novel "The American Dream" was just a mirage.     One of the characters in the novel that represents the American Dream is Wilson he was one of the character that was a hard player and own his own mechanic shop, he was one of the characters that worked every day and every night to support his family. For all he did for his family he was rewarded by his married woman leaving him for another man and for a friend to have power over him with words and to get a loved one killed by a car that she was walking toward("When he came outside again a little a fter seven he was reminded of the conversation because he heard Mrs. Wilsons voice, load and scolding, coldcock stairs in the garage "Beat me" he heard her cry. "Throw me down and beat me, you dirty little coward" A moment later she hotfoot out into the dusk, waving her hands and shouting before he could move from his door the business was over. The "death car" as the newspapers called it, didnt stop it came out of the congregation darkness, wavered tragically for a moment and then disappeared around the next bend."Pg.144-145). For all this he got for all his hard work he went and killed Gatsby and killed himself("The chauffeur--he was one of Wolfshiems proteges heard the shots--afterward he could only say that he hadnt thought anything much about them. I drove from the station directly to Gatsbys house and my rushing anxiously up the scarer steps was the first thing that alarmed anyone. But they knew then, I firmly believed. With scarcely a word said, four of us, the chauffeur, butler, gardener and I, hurried down to the pool. in that respect was a faint, barely perceptible movement of the water as the fresh flow from one end urged its way toward the drain at the other. The touch of a compass, a thin red circle in the water. IT was after we started with toward the house that the gardener was Wilsons body a little way off in the grass, and final solution was complete"Pg.

Gender Selection of Babies Essay -- Biotechnology Genetics Parenting

For centuries there had been one sex that dominated the development of society. Laws, religion and lifestyle all revolved close to the idea that one sex, the male sex, was dominant. Oppressed and considered inferior, women would obey the men, forgo all rights and accept all responsibility. Only recently, with the emergence of the womens liberation movement, present twain sexes been considered equal. For the first time in human history, both sexes have been given the chance to fulfill their potentials without discrimination. Parents, despite preferences of having a girl, or a boy, have cognise that regardless, their child would have an equal opportunity at life. The cutting edge technology, however, means that all this could change. The ability of parents to actually select the gender of their child could have not only devastating effects on society, but on the lives of so many children and parents. Whether parents had a girl or a boy has unceasingly been left up to nature to dec ide. To date, no-one has dared interfere with the genetic workings of the body, mainly because the technology did not exist to do it. Now, with the dawn of the twenty-first century, that technology has arrived and public is faced with a very important decision whether or not to play God and manipulate the gender of their child to suit their preferences. The romance of having the spotless nuclear family, with two boys and two girls fills the heads of young couples everywhere, and when given the opportunity, m...

Declaration of Independence Essay -- U.S. History

Childrens voice shouting in parades, spinning noise-makers, giant flags of red, white, and blue waving in every corner of the street, fireworks light up the dark sky, friends and family gathering around with big smile on their faces it is not somebodys birthday nor it is an ordinary day. It is a true festival, a countrys birthday. The Fourth of July marks the anniversary of the glorious day in 1776 when America, as a new nation declared to the world its independence from monarchs. Because of the importance of this day, thus, the annunciation of Independence can be considered as one of the most influential documents in American History. Not only that, other organizations and countries have also adoptive its manner and tones for their own documents or declarations, such as Declaration of the Rights of Man from France or the Declaration of Sentiments from the Womens Right movement.After the Congress ratified the textbook on July Fourth, the Declaration of Independence had been issued in several forms. It was originally published as a printed broadside that was generally distributed and read to the public. Nevertheless, although the wording was approved on the Fourth of July, most historians have concluded that it was signed almost a month later after its adoption, not on July Fourth as is normally believed . The Declaration not only justified the independence of the United States of America by listing colonial complaints against King George III, but it also asserted authentic and legal rights, including the right of evolution. Nonetheless, after the American Revolution, the original purpose of the text was ignored. Since then, the Declaration of Independence can only be viewed as a major(ip) statement on human rights. Yet, the ques... ...he Declaration of Independence an interpretation and an analysis (New York, The Macmillan Company, 1904), 67 Pauline Maier, American Scripture Making the Declaration of Independence (New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1998), 41 Bri an Boyd, Origin of Stories Evolution, Cognition and Fiction (Massachusetts, Belknap of Harvard UP, 2010), 21 Henry Stephens Randall, The life of Thomas Jefferson, Volume 1 (New York Derby & Jackson, 1858), 165 Carl L. Becker, The Declaration of independence a reading in the history of political ideas (New York Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1922), 4 Merrill Jensen, The Founding of a Nation A History of the American Revolution 1763-1776 (New York Oxford University Press, 1968), 7001 John E. Ferling, put the World Ablaze Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and the American Revolution (New York Oxford University Press, 2000), 13137

Capital Punishment Essay: Capital Punishment Targets the Poor

Capital Punishment Targets the Poor In some states, inmates can be executed for crimes they committed at the age of 16 in others, only those who committed murder at age 18 or older are eligible for the death penalty. This essay will demonstrate that such(prenominal) inconsistencies and many other factors cause a situation where the poor are consistently targeted by the death penalty. Some states, but not all, ban the public presentation of people with mental retardation. Some states include felony murder (unpremeditated murder committed in the course of another crime such as robbery or burglary) as a capital crime others do not. In the 29 states that have a sentence of feeling without rallying cry, 23 have statutes that bar decide from letting jurors know they have that sentencing option. Since studies consistently show that when given a choice between a death sentence and a sentence of life without parole, most people will choose the latter, failure to inform a jury of this al ternate(a) is tantamount to sending more people to the execution chamber. accessible science research has discredited the claim that execution deters murder. The majority of murders are committed in the heat of passion, and/or under the influence of alcohol or drugs, when there is little thought given to the possible consequences of the act. Hit men and other murderers who plan their crimes beforehand, intend and expect to avoid punishment altogether by not getting caught. Law enforcement officials know that the death penalty is not a deterrent. Imposing the death penalty more often was thought to be cost-effective by only 29% of 386 randomly selected U.S. police chiefs polled by Peter D. Hart Research Associates in 1995. States that have death p... ...ily as an alternative to the death penalty(Death). In 45 states, laws allow life sentences for murder that severely limit or eliminate the chance of parole. Thirteen states impose sentences without the possibility of parole for 25 - 40 years, and all but three of the states that use capital punishment also have the option of life imprisonment with no possibility of parole. Although it is often assumed that capital punishment is less costly than life imprisonment, the opposite is true in terms of dollars, in terms of crime control, and in terms of morality. Is there any other way to go than to oppose capital punishment? No. WORKS CITED Death Penalty Information core group http//www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/ Stanford Law Review http//support.lexis-nexis.com/online/record.asp?ArticleID=LXE_Law_Rev_S

The Character of Leggatt in The Secret Sharer Essay -- Joseph Conrad S

The Character of Leggatt in The Secret Shargonr This essay examines Leggatt as an independent person, rather than as a symbol connected to the captain-narrator, a view shared by some(prenominal) critics. Leggatt is not a negative influence on the captain per se. From an objective show of view, it can be seen that Leggatts portrayal depends entirely on how the captain (as narrator) perceives him, and that he deserves to be treated as the individual being that he is. Many of Conrads critics, approximately notably Albert J. Guerard , Robert W. Stallmann , have taken the view that Leggatt, of the novella The Secret Sharer, is both some sort of symbol of the captains dark side, a kind of role manikin for the captain, or that he is part of the captain. In this essay I will first examine the captains portrayal of Leggatt, then argue that Leggatt is none of these, rather, he is a complete person in and of himself, and not simply part of the captains record deficiencies. At first glance it would seem that Leggatt is either the antagonist or provides a criminal influence on the captain. By no means are Leggatts decisions and actions exemplary. Murdering mutinous crew members is hardly an acceptable practice, and avoiding justice, and ones punishment-all of which Leggatt do- only worsen the issue. The captain claims that in go to the island Koh-ring, his double had lowered himself into the water to take his punishment (Conrad 193). However, as Cedric Watts argues, this is only true because Leggatt, by escaping justice, will face an uncertain future marooned on an island (134). In reality, Leggatt is doing the opposite he is lowering himself into the water to escape from the law, ... ...as escaped as he can be while fleeing from the law. Works Cited Baines, Jocelyn. Joseph Conrad A little Biography. London Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1959. Batchelor, John. The Life of Joseph Conrad A Critical Biography. Oxford Blackwell Publishers, 1994. Burgess, Chester F rancis. The Fellowship of the Craft Conrad on Ships and Seamen and the Sea. refreshing York National University Publications, 1976. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness and The Secret Sharer. New York Bantam Books, 1981. Graver, Lawrence. Conrads terse Fiction. Berkeley University of California Press, 1969. Karl, Frederick Robert. Joseph Conrad The Three Lives. New York Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1979. Watts, Cedric. A Preface to Conrad. 2nd ed. New York Longman Publishing, 1993. The Character of Leggatt in The Secret Sharer Essay -- Joseph Conrad SThe Character of Leggatt in The Secret Sharer This essay examines Leggatt as an independent person, rather than as a symbol connected to the captain-narrator, a view shared by many critics. Leggatt is not a negative influence on the captain per se. From an objective point of view, it can be seen that Leggatts portrayal depends entirely on how the captain (as narrator) perceives him, and that he deserves to be trea ted as the individual being that he is. Many of Conrads critics, most notably Albert J. Guerard , Robert W. Stallmann , have taken the view that Leggatt, of the novella The Secret Sharer, is either some sort of symbol of the captains dark side, a kind of role model for the captain, or that he is part of the captain. In this essay I will first examine the captains portrayal of Leggatt, then argue that Leggatt is none of these, rather, he is a complete person in and of himself, and not simply part of the captains personality deficiencies. At first glance it would seem that Leggatt is either the antagonist or provides a criminal influence on the captain. By no means are Leggatts decisions and actions exemplary. Murdering mutinous crew members is hardly an acceptable practice, and avoiding justice, and ones punishment-all of which Leggatt do-only worsen the issue. The captain claims that in swimming to the island Koh-ring, his double had lowered himself into the water to take his pu nishment (Conrad 193). However, as Cedric Watts argues, this is only true because Leggatt, by escaping justice, will face an uncertain future marooned on an island (134). In reality, Leggatt is doing the opposite he is lowering himself into the water to escape from the law, ... ...as free as he can be while fleeing from the law. Works Cited Baines, Jocelyn. Joseph Conrad A Critical Biography. London Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1959. Batchelor, John. The Life of Joseph Conrad A Critical Biography. Oxford Blackwell Publishers, 1994. Burgess, Chester Francis. The Fellowship of the Craft Conrad on Ships and Seamen and the Sea. New York National University Publications, 1976. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness and The Secret Sharer. New York Bantam Books, 1981. Graver, Lawrence. Conrads Short Fiction. Berkeley University of California Press, 1969. Karl, Frederick Robert. Joseph Conrad The Three Lives. New York Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1979. Watts, Cedric. A Preface to Conrad. 2nd ed. New York Longman Publishing, 1993.

The Character of Leggatt in The Secret Sharer Essay -- Joseph Conrad S

The Character of Leggatt in The Secret Sharer This adjudicate examines Leggatt as an independent person, quite than as a symbol connected to the skipper-narrator, a view shared by many critics. Leggatt is not a negative influence on the lord per se. From an objective point of view, it can be seen that Leggatts portrayal depends entirely on how the captain (as narrator) perceives him, and that he deserves to be treated as the individual being that he is. Many of Conrads critics, most notably Albert J. Guerard , Robert W. Stallmann , have taken the view that Leggatt, of the novelette The Secret Sharer, is either some sort of symbol of the captains dark side, a engaging of role model for the captain, or that he is part of the captain. In this essay I will first examine the captains portrayal of Leggatt, then argue that Leggatt is none of these, rather, he is a complete person in and of himself, and not only if part of the captains personality deficiencies. At first glance it would seem that Leggatt is either the adversary or provides a criminal influence on the captain. By no means are Leggatts decisions and actions exemplary. Murdering mutinous crew members is hardly an acceptable practice, and avoiding justice, and ones penalisation-all of which Leggatt do-only worsen the issue. The captain claims that in swimming to the island Koh-ring, his double had lowered himself into the water supply to take his punishment (Conrad 193). However, as Cedric Watts argues, this is only true because Leggatt, by escaping justice, will face an uncertain future marooned on an island (134). In reality, Leggatt is doing the opposite he is lowering himself into the water to escape from the law, ... ...as free as he can be while fleeing from the law. industrial plant Cited Baines, Jocelyn. Joseph Conrad A Critical Biography. London Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1959. Batchelor, John. The Life of Joseph Conrad A Critical Biography. Oxford Blackwell Publishers, 1994. Burgess, Chester Francis. The sept of the Craft Conrad on Ships and Seamen and the Sea. forward-looking York National University Publications, 1976. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness and The Secret Sharer. New York Bantam Books, 1981. Graver, Lawrence. Conrads Short Fiction. Berkeley University of California Press, 1969. Karl, Frederick Robert. Joseph Conrad The Three Lives. New York Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1979. Watts, Cedric. A usher in to Conrad. 2nd ed. New York Longman Publishing, 1993. The Character of Leggatt in The Secret Sharer Essay -- Joseph Conrad SThe Character of Leggatt in The Secret Sharer This essay examines Leggatt as an independent person, rather than as a symbol connected to the captain-narrator, a view shared by many critics. Leggatt is not a negative influence on the captain per se. From an objective point of view, it can be seen that Leggatts portrayal depends entirely on how the captain (as narrator) perceives him, and that he deserves to be treated as the individual being that he is. Many of Conrads critics, most notably Albert J. Guerard , Robert W. Stallmann , have taken the view that Leggatt, of the novella The Secret Sharer, is either some sort of symbol of the captains dark side, a kind of role model for the captain, or that he is part of the captain. In this essay I will first examine the captains portrayal of Leggatt, then argue that Leggatt is none of these, rather, he is a complete person in and of himself, and not simply part of the captains personality deficiencies. At first glance it would seem that Leggatt is either the antagonist or provides a criminal influence on the captain. By no means are Leggatts decisions and actions exemplary. Murdering mutinous crew members is hardly an acceptable practice, and avoiding justice, and ones punishment-all of which Leggatt do-only worsen the issue. The captain claims that in swimming to the island Koh-ring, his double had lowered himself into the w ater to take his punishment (Conrad 193). However, as Cedric Watts argues, this is only true because Leggatt, by escaping justice, will face an uncertain future marooned on an island (134). In reality, Leggatt is doing the opposite he is lowering himself into the water to escape from the law, ... ...as free as he can be while fleeing from the law. Works Cited Baines, Jocelyn. Joseph Conrad A Critical Biography. London Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1959. Batchelor, John. The Life of Joseph Conrad A Critical Biography. Oxford Blackwell Publishers, 1994. Burgess, Chester Francis. The Fellowship of the Craft Conrad on Ships and Seamen and the Sea. New York National University Publications, 1976. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness and The Secret Sharer. New York Bantam Books, 1981. Graver, Lawrence. Conrads Short Fiction. Berkeley University of California Press, 1969. Karl, Frederick Robert. Joseph Conrad The Three Lives. New York Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1979. Watts, Cedric. A Pref ace to Conrad. 2nd ed. New York Longman Publishing, 1993.

The Blood Disorder Of Diabetes Health And Social Care Essay

You need glucose for respiration. For illustration when you exercise your musculuss need a batch of glucose. Glucose is a physical body of sugar and a psyche beginning of energy hence the ground you need it to contract your musculuss etc. Glucose is composed of Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Carbon. Hence it fundament be called ingrained because it contains C. Glucose is transported by the cells in the radical expression all(prenominal) cell in the organic structure contains it.Ways you can take it in can swop but usually and of racetrack you can take it in through the nutrient you eat. Foods which contain saccha unloo discriminates go forth incorporate high degrees of glucose. After the organic structure has the saccharides, it breaks down the nutrient into energy. competency as mentioned to begin with is needed to make mundane things such as raising weaponries, legs, pess etcLow sums of glucose in the descent stream is called hyperglycemia. This can take to Diabetes. If you keep a high degrees of glucose in your crease nevertheless, this whitethorn take to shots. To forestall these, your weight should be kept a close oculus on all bit good as what you eat.Glucose is processed, as mentioned below, in the colored. Hormones tell the liver to treat glucose, ( stored glucagon is turned into glucose to be eat upd into the blood stream ) the glucose is so distributed to the organic structure depending on where you need it most.http //www.geneticsrus.org/DNA/diabetes-glucose-regulation.gifIntroductionThe organic structure controls blood sugar degrees by let go ofing insulin to defer the liver to diversify everywhere glucagon into glucose which so is subsequently released into the blood. If the blood sugar degrees argon as well low so the pancreas release the endocrine animal starch which so tells the liver to change over surplus glucagon which is non needed back into glucagon for stor duration.Diabetess is the upset in which m some(prenominal) lot suff er from. There are two causes of diabetes quality cubelike decimeter and symbol ll. grammatical case cubic decimeter diabetes is when your organic structure is nt doing adequate insulin. Type ll diabetes is when your organic structure is nt utilizing the insulin decently in your organic structure.hypertext designate communications protocol //www.google.co.uk/imgres? imgurl=http //static.howstuffworks.com/gif/diabetes-glucose-regulation.gif & A imgrefurl=http //health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/diabetes/diabetes1.htm & A usg=__v8HDmmIwlesvzvJOeip_tbiaJWc= & A h=457 & A w=359 & A sz=29 & A hl=en & A start=0 & A whir=1 & A tbnid=Yq3fJyAYITe9pM & A tbnh=151 & A tbnw=119 & A ei=FTRBTcHbIoKwhAehoI3LAQ & A prev=/images % 3Fq % 3Dglucose % 2Bdiabetes % 26um % 3D1 % 26hl % 3Den % 26biw % 3D1259 % 26bih % 3D599 % 26tbs % 3Disch1 & A um=1 & A itbs=1 & A iact=rc & A dur=281 & A oei=FTRBTcHbIoKwhAehoI3LAQ & A esq=1 & A page=1 & A ndsp=18 & A ved=1t429, r 3, s0 & A tx=38 & A ty=56Normally diabetes shell cubic decimeter is an familial disease, but you can excessively acquire it because of jobs in your immune system ( the ability of your organic structure to turn up, onslaught, and destruct sources ) , and environmental factors.hypertext transfer protocol //diabeticremediesguide.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Type_1.jpgFor type 1 diabetes the hazard factors are get down ill in early babyhood ( at birth, at yearling age. Etc ) , early exposure to overawe s milk in babyhood and non cosmos breast Federal every bit good as an older female parent will give person a high fortune of type 1 diabetes.Other hazard factors for type 1 diabetes are as follows fleshiness, sedentary life style ( non making adequate exercising will increase the hazards of fleshiness which so will take onto diabetes. ) creaky eating wonts, household history and genetic sciences, increased age. If you are exposed to these hazard factors so you need to see your GP for a general diagnosings. hypertext transfer protocol //www.clarian.org/ADAM/doc/graphics/images/en/9273.jpgDiabetes has symptoms but these symptoms are at that place if diabetes is nt inured for a long cut.The symptoms of type 1 diabetes are Excessive thirst Because your kidneys are a filter, they take out the glucose in your blood watercourse and recycle it for your organic structure to hold, but if thither is excessively much glucose in your blood so your kidneys can non take out all the glucose in your blood so the glucose that is left over it out in to your piss by your kidneys. For glucose to be dumped into your piss, to a greater extent water system contracts to be taken out of your kidneys in vagabond to shoot forth piss, which consequences in desiccating. ( http //www.ehow.com/about_5340904_diabetes-make-thirsty.html ixzz15chIQ5Wn )Blurred vision Some battalion stick out glucose constructing up in the lenses of their eyes, this can ensue in bleary vision if the individual is undiagnosed.Tiredness If glucose is nt modulating around your organic structure so you whitethorn experience tired because you need glucose to acquire forth simple undertakings such as raising up your arm or dealing. If left for excessively long so even respiration would be had to treat, this will ensue in decease.Infections such as thrush and annoyance of the venereal countries, and skin annoyances caused by over growing of barm on the tegument.Increased appetite If glucose is low in the organic structure so the organic structure feels a demand to eat more for more energy, this consequences in increased appetency over a long period of clip.Increased production of piss during the twenty-four hours and menacing Besides explained above, the scanty glucose demands to be taken out of your organic structure and this is done through your piss, because your organic structure needs to maintain acquiring rid or glucose, pee demands to be produced therefore the g round why your urinating so frequently.Loss of weigh- if glucose is nt used decently so the organic structure is nt hive awaying any glucose either this will ensue in the loss of weight as glucagon is besides known as toothsome. Another ground will be because insulin is nt operative decently so that s why animal starch is used to state the liver to change over glucagon which is stored glucose back t glucose so that the organic structure can work decently.Other infections of the tegument ( yeast infections and furuncles etc )Diagnosiss of Type 1 diabetes.There are many types of ways that diabetes type 1 can be diagnosed. The preferable trial is the Fasting plasma glucose trial. The fasting plasma glucose trial is a trial which measures blood glucose degrees after a fast. Fasting stimulated the release of the endocrine glucagon. Glucagon tells the liver to change over animal starch back into glucose to let go of it back into the blood. When person does nt eat anything for a long cl ip so the organic structure needs something to do certain it has energy to travel about so the occupation is done by glucose. In volume who do nt hold diabetes, the pancreas will observe the extra glucose in the blood and will let go of the endocrine insulin. Insulin does the antonym to glucagon, it tell the liver to change over the extra glucose back into animal starch for storage. In person that does hold diabetes type 1 the pancreas will non let go of insulin in order to state the liver to change over glucose back into animal starch for storage and as a consequence, the blood will steady hold extra sums of glucose.http //www.handsonhealth-sc.org/images/A/fasting_diabetes.gifBring arounding and Treating DiabetesDiabetess can non be cured. It can merely be controlled to an extent which allows your organic structure to map as if you did nt hold diabetes. Obviously there are some limitations that a diabetic should follow, but in the average clip there are possible interventions su ch as insulin shootings. First of all the take aim of physicians should be to be able to maintain the blood glucose degree near normal. This is done by insulin shootings which usually after a piece of cognizing that you have diabetes should be done at place. The patient injects it self with insulin as a tablet can non be taken because the organic structure does nt absorb insulin via the backbones. Most people have 2-4 injections of insulin a day.http //www.mediject.com/images/photo_how_products.jpgWhat is Insulin? hypertext transfer protocol //www.3dchem.com/imagesofmolecules/Insulin.jpgInsulin is a endocrine which is released by the pancreas for when the blood glucose degrees are detected to be excessively high. Insulin is sent to the liver to state the liver to change over the extra sum of glucose in the blood back into animal starch for storage.On the top,insulin in the organic structureHow is Human Insulin made?The useable cistron is cut from a human Deoxyribonucleic acid. ( I n this instance insulin. )This is preceded utilizing enzymes. Particular enzymes cut peculiar spots of DNA.http //www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/bitesize/standard/img/biology/genetic-eng.gifEnzymes are so used to cut the Deoxyribonucleic acid or a bacteria and so the human cistron is insertedThe bacteri um is so adult and looked after until they are all bring forthing human insulin.This is a speedy manner of bring forthing human insulin besides this type of insulin can be produced on a big scale.http //www.littletree.com.au/images/dna19.jpghypertext transfer protocol //www.google.co.uk/imgres? imgurl=http //static.howstuffworks.com/gif/diabetes-glucose-regulation.gif & A imgrefurl=http //health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/diabetes/diabetes1.htm & A usg=__v8HDmmIwlesvzvJOeip_tbiaJWc= & A h=457 & A w=359 & A sz=29 & A hl=en & A start=0 & A zoom=1 & A tbnid=Yq3fJyAYITe9pM & A tbnh=151 & A tbnw=119 & A ei=FTRBTcHbIoKwhAehoI3LAQ & A prev=/images % 3Fq % 3Dglucose % 2Bdiabetes % 26um % 3D1 % 26hl % 3Den % 26biw % 3D1259 % 26bih % 3D599 % 26tbs % 3Disch1 & A um=1 & A itbs=1 & A iact=rc & A dur=281 & A oei=FTRBTcHbIoKwhAehoI3LAQ & A esq=1 & A page=1 & A ndsp=18 & A ved=1t429, r3, s0 & A tx=38 & A ty=56Above, the image is demoing how familial engine room of bacterium occurs.How is Human Insulin taken by Patients?As insulin is non collected from the backbones, the signifier it has to be in can non be a pill. This is why the lone manner the insulin can be inserted into the organic structure has to be through an injection so that it goes straight into the blood.Ethical IssuesThere are many estimable issues that people are concerned with.Using insulin from hogs Doctors used to utilize insulin made from hogs because the insulin was similar to human insulin. Soon utilizing insulin from hogs was non a good thought as vegetarians and vegans could non be treated with insulin that came from animate beings.Religion Religion as we know it tod ay poses a batch of jobs with all kinds of societal issues in this instance Muslims. Islam does non let any signifier of consumption of hogs so utilizing insulin from hogs was neer traveling to work.Animal inhuman treatment There were a batch of studies proposing that whilst a batch of people were seeking to manufacturing plant farm hogs because there was a large demand for insulin. This would ensue in animate being inhuman treatment and the carnal rights militants to get down protesting. repellent system the immune system can really reject insulin made from hogs this would be truly bad for the patient and they will finally decease of diabetes.Familial technologyProducing insulin by bacteriums can truly intend there could be branchings. Doctors do nt hold an first-class apprehension of how the organic structure works so there could be something that goes incorrect. Besides, there may be long term effects that we have nt seen yet so we should hold a clear apprehension of what th e scoop out possible intervention for diabetes is.GraftsA individual about to decease can donate their pancreas to person who is diabetic this may ensue in many complication s and people are scared that organ Mafias will get down to howl once more. Other than that faiths may be against surgery or some faiths may non O.K. of the thought of holding other potpourri meats set in them.hypertext transfer protocol //www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1338766/Kosovos-PM-Hashim-Tha-mafia-boss-stole-human-organs-Serbs.htmlAlternate TreatmentsA common euphony that is used on board a healthy life manner is metformin. It lowers blood glucose by diminishing the sum of glucose your liver releases into the blood watercourse. For type 2 diabetes, by utilizing up the glucose that your liver releases into your blood watercourse you wo nt necessitate every bit much insulin in your organic structure as you would hold needed if you had a higher blood sugar degree. This is a truly good manner to comma nd your blood sugar degree when your organic structure does nt do insulin to state the liver to change over the extra glucose.Genetically Engineering Human DNA Ethical IssuesThere are no uncertainty many pros of genetically technology human Deoxyribonucleic acid to bring forth human insulin but in fact there are some cons to it every bit good. For illustration, if scientist can modify DNA s to misrepresent a manner a organic structure works or modify a Deoxyribonucleic acid to alter a manner something looks so people are traveling to desire to utilize this techniques to modify other people DNA s for things like, oculus coloring material, hair coloring materials, tallness, illnesses etc. This may ensue in interior decorator babes. This can take to hone children but besides favoritism and struggle amongst people which have possibly non been genetically modified to alter the manner they look.ExperimentMethodFirst we had to make full in a beaker with poached H2O.Then we had to put th e trial tubing which contained the urine sample inside the beaker.We so had to add the Benedict solution to the trial tubing and delay for the reaction to take topographic point.For sample 1 the urine trial sample changed coloring material after adding the Benedict solution. This shows us that the Cu sulfate has reacted with the glucose to organize Cu oxide. This is when the urine samples change from yellow to orange. This occurred in all the samples from 1 boulder clay 3. For the clinix sticks, if they started out as pink so in order for them to hold sugar in the piss they have to be changed to purple. Again the samples which made the clinix sticks change coloring materials were samples 1, 2 and 3.For samples 3 and 4 the colors, ( after we added the Benedict solution ) did alter coloring material and stayed the same.It was easier to utilize the clinix sticks as all we had to make was to do certain the colored piece of the sticks touched the urine sample. For the Benedict solution w e had to do certain the H2O in the beaker was the same temperature as the remainder of the times we used the beaker and in order for this to work we had to do certain we would heat up new H2O every individual clip in order to hold a just trial and do certain it was the same temperature without holding to utilize a thermometer. This rule was both non environmental friendly ( as we had to regenerate the H2O 5 times ) and it was inconvenient, nevertheless it was necessary to make the experiment utilizing two protestent methods to see which one was more in effect(p). It was more likely for Mr A, Mrs Y, and Mr X to hold been diagnosed with diabetes because Mr a had a sample to prove for diabetes and he was shown to hold diabetes this can be genuine as he is over the age of 40 in which after a certain age ( for type two diabetes ) in this instance is 40, the symptoms of type 2 diabetes occur. As Mr A has passed this age so it more likely for him to of been diagnosed with diabetes type 2 alongside the fact that he has a brother who has type 2 diabetes. Mr A has besides fasted before the trial which makes the trial reliable.Mrs Y besides has a high opportunity of being diagnosed with diabetes type2 because she has a BMI of 40 which is really high which may intend she is corpulent and she is 45 which is over the age that symptoms usually vex. She besides did fast before the trial which makes it much more steady-going than person who has nt fasted. She besides has a high hazard or holding diabetes because her pa had type 2 diabetes.Mr X is another patient which we think may hold been diagnosed with diabetes because ethnicity and BMI. He has a BMI of 33 which is rather high and he ethnicity is black Nigerian which are all hazard factors of holding type 2 diabetes.Both Ms B and Miss Z have a opportunity of ontogeny diabetes when they are approximately over 40.As both of them did nt fast before the trial, we can non be certain of the consequence and hence count it a s undependable. The ethnicity of Miss Z means that she has a hazard of dieing type 2 diabetes and the fact that Ms B has polycystic ovaries besides gives a opportunity that diabetes type 2 can be developed at a ulterior age in this instance 40 or over.Introduction hypertext transfer protocol //savvyhealthfitness.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/diabetes_type2.jpgDiabetess type II is a bit different to type I. The Same variety meats and endocrines are included but the jobs are different. In type I diabetes, your organic structure does nt do any insulin at all there instrument panel in type II your organic structure does do insulin but it is nt used decently. You can develop diabetes type II because Your organic structure does non do adequate insulin orThe cells in your organic structure do non utilize insulin decently and consequences in your organic structure necessitating more insulin than normal.Diabetess type II, usually develops in grownups over the age of 40. It can besides dev elop in people if they are corpulent or fleshy, triping over wellness jobs on the manner.Symptoms of Type II diabetes areThere are four common symptoms and they are-Being thirsty frequently Being tired-Urinating frequently-losing weightUrinating and being thirsty linkup because if your glucose degrees are excessively high so the glucose leaks into your urine and takes excess H2O though your kidneys which so consequences in your organic structure non holding adequate H2O and you finally get down experiencing thirsty.Hazard factors for Type II diabetes-Obesity as we mentioned before, type I diabetes can develop based on environmental factors. The more fat you have in your organic structure the more opportunity you have of your organic structure developing insulin opposition. Fat cells are non able to have bids and be accepting to insulin whereas musculus cells are. So the more fat the more fat cells, the more fat cells there are the more opportunity you have of developing insulin op position.-Genetics and household history of diabetes if one or more of your household members have diabetes type II, so you are in a greater hazard to develop it. If you are African American, Alaskan indigen, Alaskan or Native American, you have an higher opportunity to develop it.http //medicalimages.allrefer.com/large/glucose-in-blood.jpg-Increased age will higher your opportunity of developing Type II diabetes. Scientists argue that the pancreas age with us and does nt work every bit good and in order as it used to. It does nt eye insulin every bit good as it used to. Another ground why age may lend to type II diabetes may be that the cells age and they are more insulin resistant.Gestational diabetes develop in pregnant adult females and the bulk of the adult females who develop Gestational diabetes during gestation besides develop type II diabetes subsequently on.Diagnosiss of Type II diabetes hypertext transfer protocol //1.bp.blogspot.com/_cJmYJpNQ_5Q/S3v9epHZpjI/AAAAAAAAAV k/4Nmrvv3YD8E/s400/insulin+test.jpgType II diabetes can be diagnosed by utilizing the fasting plasma glucose trial. Often, urinanalysis can be performed on samples of piss. The fasting glucose trial will be taken after you ve non eaten for at least eight hours. There is besides a stochastic glucose trial hence the name is indiscriminately taken at anytime though out the twenty-four hours.If a definite diagnosings can non be made, so you will hold a glucose tolerance trial to mensurate how your blood degrees change. This is after you swallow a sugary drink. Before holding this trial, it is barbarous that you fast nightlong.Treating Type II diabetesAs mentioned before, diabetes can non be cured. Alternatively it can be treated. Normally purposes of handling type I or type II would be to convey blood glucose degrees back to normal once more. Treating diabetes will intend that your symptoms will ease which will do you experience better but you would still hold to be careful about what you take ( eat or drink ) and long term complication in your organic structure. Doctors have proven that blood glucose degrees id irregular ( excessively high or excessively low ) have an consequence on the possibility that you will develop complications such as bosom disease.Blood glucose degrees are monitored by trials. You usually have a blood trial that is repeated over 2-6 months. This trial looks are your ruddy blood cells as glucose attaches to them to be circulated around the blood watercourse. By this trial you can acquire an mean degree of glucose in your organic structure over 2 months. Obviously the glucose in your blood. The intervention is so designed to take to take down your blood glucose degree by medicine ( which may alter and differ as your blood glucose degrees is higher or lower. ) hypertext transfer protocol //www.diabeteshealth.com/media/images/article_images/6240.jpgAlongside medicine, the most of import intervention is lifestyle, commanding your weight, diet ing and most important- physical activity. Diabetes type II is a life style caused disease largely of the clip which means you can command it by the manner you live your life. Fat, sugar and table salt are cardinal things you should non eat as a diabetic, as ever eating fruit, veggies and nutrient high in fiber will non merely gather you in being a diabetic but it will besides profit you in cardiovascular diseases, malignant neoplastic disease and many more jobs you may confront if your eating wonts will take on to fleshiness, or being overweight. If nevertheless you are already overweight, so you need to desperately speak to your dietician which will give you more information on this.Last regular physical activity will profit you in many easy. 30 infinitesimal day-to-day exercising at least 5 times a twenty-four hours is highly of import and if vigorous plenty, will be effectual plenty every bit good. Cycling, dance, swimming, and jogging will all be adequate.If after altering yo ur lifestyle, your blood glucose degrees are still high so medicine is required. Firstly insulin injections are normally the most common type of medicine used. As mentioned in type I, insulin can non be taken by spoken cavity as juices in the tummy which are used for digestive intents are destroyed by the juices in the tummy. A medicine type besides tries to cut down the sum of the endocrine glucagon to be releases in to your blood watercourse to halt insulin from working.Both type of diabetes can be highly unsecured and it is of import that it gets treated every bit shortly as possible.Glossary Glucose besides known as sugar, is needed for all types of procedures such as respiration. No populating being can populate without it. It is strictly energy.-Glycogen is the endocrine that tells the liver to change over extra glucose into glucagon. Glucagon is the substance that is stored glucose ( fat )-Insulin is the endocrine that tells the liver to change over glucagon into glucose to be released into the blood watercourse. Diabetes type I is when you body does non do adequate insulin in your organic structure hence why the blood glucose degree is usually low.-Diabetes type II is when your organic structure does do insulin but does nt utilize it decently and becomes insulin resistant which means that the organic structure does non react to insulin no more. Hyperglycemia bounteous sums of glucose in the blood stream.

Positive behaviour Essay

2. Be able to support positive behaviour2.1 Describe the benefits of encouraging and honor positive behaviourRewarding positive behaviour comes with many benefits. The main benefit is that it encourages the baby to behave in an acceptable way as they pass on want to receive the rewards for doing so such as stickers, or being able to choose a story/activity.With the children behaving in the correct way the melody of the nursery is going to be much more pleasant and relaxed and allow the nursery assistants to teach and carry out activities effectively without any disruptions, meaning the children provide be receiving high quality levels of education and care. This also relates to home atmosphere as well. If a child is being brought up in an encouraging and honour environment rather than one focused on punishments for bad behaviour the child is going to come to nursery and carry on with their good behaviour and know what is expected of them, and thus the consistency is imperative. Another benefit is that the children are learning from each other so by seeing a child being rewarded for good behaviour, it is going to make them want to behave in the same way so that they can also receive rewards.Children may movement to use bad behaviour as a way to gain attention from their teachers so it is very important that you give them attention when they are behaving in the proper way, so that they learn to stop the bad behaviour as it go forth not give them the attention the want.By praising and encouraging the children, it will make the children feel good about themselves and become more confident and encourage them to work harder in the future.

The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Twenty-Five

Dear Diary,I laughingstockt believe what a fool I am, what a faithless, worthless fool.I should never learn kissed Damon, or let him kiss me.The look on Stefans face when he found us was heartbreaking. His features were so stiff and pale, as if he was made of ice, and his look were shining with tears. And whence it seemed like a light went come to the fore inside him, and he looked at me like he hated me.Like I was Katherine. nonematter what happened between us, Stefan never looked at me like that earlier.I wont believe it. Stefan could never hate me.Every beat of my heart tells me that we belong together, that nothing can tear us apart.Ive been such a fool, and Ive hurt Stefan, although that was the one thing I never wanted to do. But this isnt the end for us. in one case I excuse and explain what a moment of madness he witnessed, hell forgive me. Once I can strive him over again, hell see how sorry I am.It was only the adrenaline from coming so close to death, from that c ar chasing aft(prenominal) us. Neither Damon nor I really wanted the other one, that kiss was just us clinging hard to life.No. I cant lie. Not here. I have to be honest with myself, even if I pretend with everyone else. I wanted to kiss Damon. I wanted to touch Damon. I always have.But I dont have to. I can stop myself, and I leave alone. I dont want to cause Stefan any more pain.Stefan will understand that, will understand that Ill do anything I can to make him happy again, and then hell forgive me.This cant be the end. I wont let it be.Elena closed her ledger and dialed Stefans number erstwhile more, letting the phone ring until it went to voicemail and then hanging up. Shed cal ed him several times last night, then over and over again this morning. Stefan could see her cal ing, she knew. He always kept his phone on. He always answered, too he seemed to feel some obligation to be available since he had the phone with him.The fact that he wasnt answering meant he was avoiding her on purpose.Elena shook her head fiercely and dialed again. Stefan was going to listen to her. She wasnt going to let him turn her away. Once she explained and he forgave her, everything could go back to normal. They could end this separation that was making them both so unhappy clearly, it hadnt worked out the way she intended.Except, what exactly was she going to say? Elena sighed and flopped put through backward onto her bed, her heart sinking. Adrenaline from the cars pursuit aside, al she could real y say was that she hadnt meant for the kiss with Damon to happen, that she didnt want him, not real y. She wanted Stefan. Al she could tel him was that it wasnt something she had anticipate or planned. That Damon wasnt the one she wanted. Not truly. That she would always choose Stefan.That would have to be enough. Elena dialed again.This time, Stefan picked up.Elena, he said flatly.Stefan, please listen to me, Elena said in a rush. Im so sorry. I never I dont want to talk ab out this, Stefan said, cutting her off. Please stop cal ing me.But, please, Stefan I love you, yet Stefans voice was soft but cold. I dont think we can be together. Not if I cant trust you. The line went dead. Elena pul ed the phone away from her ear and stared at it for a moment, puzzled, before she realized what had happened. Stefan, dear, darling Stefan who had always been there for her, who loved her no matter what she did, had hung up on her.Meredith pul ed one foot up behind her back, held it in both hands, breathing timeed deep, and slowly pul ed the foot higher, stretching her quadriceps muscle.It felt good to stretch, to get a little blood flowing after her late night. She was looking forward to sparring with Samantha. There was a new move Meredith had figured out, a little something kickboxing inspired, that she thought Sam was going to love, once she got over the shock of being knocked down by Meredith once again. Samantha had been getting faster and more sure of hers elf as they kept working out together, and Meredith definitely wanted to keep her on her toes.That was, it would be terrific to spar with Samantha, if Samantha ever actual y arrived. Meredith glanced at her watch. Sam was almost twenty minutes late.Of course, theyd been out late the night before. But stil , it wasnt like Samantha not to show up when she said she was going to. Meredith turned on her phone to see if she had a message, then cal ed Samantha. No answer.Meredith left a quick voicemail, then hung up and went back to stretching, trying to ignore the faint quiver of unease running through her. She circled her shoulders, stretched her arms behind her back.Maybe Samantha just forgot and had her phone turned off. Maybe she overslept. Samantha was a hunter she wasnt in danger from whoever or whatever was stalking the campus.Sighing, Meredith gave up on her workout routine. She wasnt going to be able to focus until she checked on Samantha, even though the other girl was probab ly fine.Undoubtedly fine. Scooping up her backpack, she headed for the door. She could get in a run on the way over.The sun was shining, the air was crisp, and Merediths feet pounded the paths in a regular rhythm as she wove between quite a little wandering around campus. By the time she reached Samanthas dorm, she was thinking that maybe Sam would want to go for a nice long run with her instead of sparring today.She tapped on Samanthas door, cal ing, Rise and shine, sleepyhead The door, not latched, drifted open a little.Samantha? Meredith said, pushing it open farther.The smel hit her first. Like rust and salt, with an underlying odor of decay, it was so strong Meredith staggered backward, hand clapping a hand over her nose and mouth.Despite the smel , Meredith couldnt at first understand what was al over the wal s. Paint? she wondered, her brain feeling sluggish and slow. wherefore would Samantha be painting? It was so red. She walked through the door slowly, although somethin g in her was starting to scream.No, no, get away.Blood. Bloodbloodbloodblood. Meredith wasnt feeling slow and sluggish anymore her heart was pounding, her head was spinning, her breath was coming hard and fast.There was death in this room.She had to see. She had to see Samantha. Despite every nerve in her body urging her to run, to fight, Meredith kept moving forward.Samantha destroy on her back, the bed beneath her soaked red with blood. She looked like she had been ripped apart.Her open eyes stared blankly at the ceiling, unblinking.She was dead.

H.G. Wells’ View of Race Essay

In the assigned reading about and by H. G. surface on that point is little to indicate that he is a racist. In the two short stories Wells has the narrator refer to African natives as heathens in Aepyornis Islands and as niggers in Jimmy Goggles the God. Likewise in the assigned sections of the of book Tono-Bungay, the narrator refers to niggers. By todays standards such words are very much automatically assumed to be a sign of bigotry against a race, and if they were written today they might very well indicate such a tendency.However at the time when Wells wrote, political correctness had non reared its ugly head and people, particularly English people describing the natives of Africa as niggers. This was the word used. It was not necessary a deprecating term, it was the term. When Wells uses the word he is conforming to the vernacular of the day. This is not to say that there isnt something of an elitist attitude in the characters Wells created.There seems to be three things that Wells consistently lampoons the Christian religion, the ignorance of people of all sorts, and the superior, toffee-nosed attitude of the English. Wells was a writer of satire. He pokes mutant at religion both when he describes the readiness of the natives to consider him a god in Jimmy Goggles the God as well as enjoying the playing of a practical joke on the missionary to embarrass him in front of the villagers.He clearly dislikes ignorance, particularly those people who foolishly papacy on things they know nothing about such as the orchids and the aepyornis, and the case of Dawson v. Butcher. Lastly he enjoys satirizing the overly self-important attitude of English men who go into the jungle and expect this to be just they he expected them to be when he was sitting back in his private club in London. It is as if anything that is not English is improper and is only tolerated because the standards of the people in such places as the jungle are embarrassingly low and likely to stay that way.In Tono-Bungay Wells lets the narrator tell his story of a trip into the jungle where a man came from a village and hailed us in and unknown applauder (emphasis mine). He did not say it was a language he did not speak, but because it was not Oxbridge English, it was unknown. Interestingly, because Wells sees fit to make fun of such a superior attitude, one cannot help but wonder if he is not poking fun at himself at the same time because of his attitude toward members of these groups of people.

What Can I Do to Make This Country a Better Place to Live in?

As A National Discipline Awardee, What Can I Do To key This Country A Better Place To Live In? Is our country even a better orchestrate to stand up in? If we will to break the situations now, there were many incidents that took place in our country. Our country suffers from addictions, poverty, corruption, injustices, murders, prostitutions, terrorism, environmental abuses and others. Amidst the perceived problems, we are still optimistic for our country. We still hope for the best.I am very good to be one of the nominees for the National Discipline Award. I am accepting the challenges to be a model for everyone, to be courageous and faithful to the teachings of God. I still believed that there is always sunshine after the rain. I want to be the bearers of truth and light to my better half Louiseans. To make our country a better place to live in is hard for a teenager like me. But I can in my simple ways like encouraging my fellow youth to be cooperative, to be generous in sha ring their talents, time and possessions.I will also be responsible with my duties, being a good keeper of Gods creation and I will inspire others to value education and encourage them to help their neighbors. I think and I truly believe that A expedition of a thousand mile must begin with a single step. Lets join hands to make our country a better place to live in. If everyone joins in a simple act, big wonders can happen And more so, Philippines would be a better place to live in. Now, therefore, before we can transmute the world, it will begin first with our innermost being. Rachelle Marian B. Barrios

Teacher Work Sample Part 7

Teacher work Sample Standard 7 Lauren M. Evins EED/495 whitethorn 13, 2012 Professor Mark McCall Teacher Work Sample Standard 7 Standard 7 Reflections and Self-Evaluation In the education profession, it is necessary for teachers to create lesson plans that adhere to national, state, and rule learning standards. The ability to successfully create and implement these lessons that have goals and specific learning objectives is the responsibility of the teacher. A way to evaluate the success of your instructional skills is by reflection and self-evaluation. Reflecting on your own teaching, shortcomings as well as successes, is a way to make sense of your own experiences and to gain perspective on the everyday workings of your own classroom. A reflection and self-evaluation will be listed for this Teacher Work Sample. , which will include an analysis of instructional and student learning, and the effectiveness of teacher instruction. Throughout the implementation of my lessons from the Teacher Work Sample the lessons that contri merelyed the most to student learning were the activities that required students to apply their intimacy in activities.These activities include the vocabulary talking to used in a sentence, the group discussion that allowed students to build on each others responses and knowledge, and the group projects that were a collaboration of student creativity. whatsoever of the greatest barriers to achieving the desired learning results were overcoming the supererogatory background knowledge that was needed to teach the unit lessons, which would consequentially be a need for improvement in the pre-assessment and the analysis of the pre-assessment.One factor that would be done to improve the acquisition of the desired learning results and improving student learning would be to spend more quantify reviewing supplemental and background information for the unit prior to introducing the unit, and creating a more detailed rubric that analyzed stude nts prior knowledge. The repeated interruptions and deviations that were taken during lessons required additional modifications in instructional time management and steering the lesson back on path of the learning goals and objectives.Reviewing the seven standards listed in this Teacher Work Sample punctuate key areas of strengths and weaknesses. The strengths of the work sample included Contextual Factors, Learning Goals and Objectives, and Design for Instruction. These strengths allowed a successful creation of goals and objectives that were aligned with Florida State Standards and were achieved with the majority of the student population, as seen in the Analysis of Learning Results.The ability to properly gather data and information in the Contextual Factors helped understand why some students had prior knowledge of Native Americans and why other students has less prior knowledge. The Design for Instruction was implemented with little to no problems however, the flaws in instruc tion did not occur from the flesh they occurred from the Assessment Plan, which was a weakness and needed additional improvement.The Instructional Decision-Making was also a weakness in that student learning responses were not as expect regarding Native American background information and an additional need for improvement would include reacting and modifying lessons without deviating greatly from the original goals and objectives. My professional knowledge and skills were adequate to teach this unit, but my performance would have been enhanced if I had better analyzed the pre-assessment that was given at the beginning of the unit.As a professional, I would need to improve my ability to ascertain and analyze assessment results, which could be the difference in student achievement and failure. The most significant learning insight achieved from this unit would be the understanding that despite detailed planning and instructional preparation, modifications in instruction will alway s arise and it is the teachers responsibility to make the necessary deviations but maintain the units goals and objectives.In general, my analysis and self-reflection would e considered a success with minor weaknesses that would need improvement through workshops, training seminars, and/or with an experienced teachers help. Reference staff 6 Assessing teaching and learning. (2006). Retrieved May 12, 2012 from http//www. league. org/gettingresults/web/module6/teaching/teacher_reflections. html

Transcendentalism was a cult or so to say, a rejection of God Essay

Transcendentalism was a spiritual, philosophical, literary movement that took place in the Boston area between the 1830s and ripe 1840s (Buchanan 1). The main idea was that the spirit of the individual is identical to the soul of the gentlemans gentleman and that it contains what the world contains, and that the mind basis apprehend absolute spiritual truths directly without having to detour through authorities and senses.This idea revolved around idealism, which is defined as any theory positing the primacy of spirit, mind, or language over matter (Campbell 2-3). Some sport stated that Transcendentalism was a cult or so to say, a rejection of God. In reality, the movement was a preference to explain an individual and the world in terms of this individual. The individual was considered to be the spiritual center of the universe. Though not a cult, transcendentalism has ties to major religions.From Puritanism we get morality and the doctrine of divine light. From the Quakers, co mes the inner light. Then, with Unitarianism at that place is the belief of the individual, the true source of the moral light (Reuben 2). Lockean philosophy, which involves all objects of the understanding described to be ideas, and ideas are spoken of as being in the mind, as well as Calvinist beliefs were used to underwrite the belief in Christianity and to focus on science and cognizance (Bickman 2).Ralph Waldo Emerson explains the name and the idea in arrears the movement with his profound statement, It is well known to most of my audience, that the Idealism of the present day acquired the name of Transcendental, from the use of that term by Immanuel Kant, of Konigsberg, who replied to the skeptical philosophy of Locke, which insisted that there was nothing in the intellect which was not previously in the experience of the senses, by showing that there was a very important class of ideas, or imperative forms, which did not come by experience but through which experience was acquired that these were intuitions of the mind itself and he denominated them the Transcendental forms. With the Unitarian church, came the optimistic and rationalistic ideas which trey to Transcendentalism. William Ellery Channing, Andrews Norton, and Edward Everett were ministers and philosophers of this time who were tied with the church. They pretty much made the transcendentalists who they were (Bickman 2). Those who agreed with the ideas of the church and the ideas of Emerson joined a club named, The Transcendental Club. Emerson was the head of it, and Hedge, Francis, Clarke, and Alcott would meet at George Ripleys house to form this organization.The organization was formed to exchange the musical theme of new-fashioned ideas in philosophy, theology, and literature, but the members never decided to come up with a new form of religion (Transcendentalism 333). The taken philosophical meaning of this organization was that the mans practical and imaginative faculties play a pa rt in his apprehension of the truth. In the art and literature world was a creation of works filled with the new passion for nature and common humanity and incarnating a fresh sense of the wonder, promise, and romance of life (327). Emerson was an educated man who studied at Harvard.He was a minister during the time of the Transcendental Club, and when his wife died, he decided to resign since he could not participate in communion. Emerson then decided to write poetic prose, look fors with recurring themes (Emerson 1). He believed that reason is the highest faculty of the soul? what we mean by the soul itself it never reasons, never proves, it simply perceives it is wisdom (Campbell 4). With the ideas of oversoul, reason, wisdom, and perception, Emerson wrote what would be the most important essay in his life, Nature (Bickman 4). The focus of the essay was to describe the nature of life and how we are supposed to live.The essay helps to distinguish between macrocosm and microcosm, the difference in the world outside of an individual and that of the world inside (Campbell 4). The introduction expresses how a creature is to interact with God, how nature has no secrets, and how nature is divided between body and soul. After the introduction, Emerson divides the essay into sections titled as Nature, Commodity, Beauty, Language, Discipline, Idealism, Spirit, and Prospects. Throughout these chapters come this Transcendental / Romantic idea. There are no secrets in this form of intervention. Reality is split into nature and the soul (Steinhart 1). By going outside and looking at the stars, you can require a direct analogy with nature, but your mind must be open.Emerson mentions, I become a transparent eye-ball I am nothing I see all the currents of the popular Being circulate through me I am part or particle of God. He explains how open minded a person can be, and how they can connect with the oversoul through this process (2). Nature is only here to serve for our human needs, so it needs to be used wisely (3). Nature is besides strict truth without ambiguity, and it can be perceived as an incarnation of God (8, 11). Emerson and other Transcendentalists believe that humans have the mental power and expertness to power over our own bodies (11). In other words, we control what goes on in our life by using our mind.And towards the end of the essay, comes the idea that when we are deliver and restored, in the end we as beings will have the powers equal to those of God (13). Emerson was not the only Transcendental writer. Others included Margaret Fuller, Theodore Parker, Jones Very, Elizabeth Palmer Peabody, and the original Dr. William Ellery Channing. The closest known to Emerson would have to be Henry David Thoreau. Thoreau as well grew up in Massachusetts and while in college studied Emersons Nature (Great? 1-2). The essay influenced Thoreau to keep a journal of his philosophies.The most influential journal published would be Walden ( 2). Walden is an autobiography / pastoral / extended familiar essay / literary excursion that pulls the reader into a mythic time that can be related to the present (6).Overall, the journal explains to the reader why the spiritual discipline is necessary for coming into the presence and self-will of the sacred world (7). Transcendentalism was the living force that seemed to be extinguished as quickly as the flame started. Perry Miller, a professor at Harvard, says Parker killed himself with overwork, and Thoreau grow himself Emerson dissolved into aphasia, Ripley subsided into disillusion, Hedge became a Harvard professor? Brownsun became a catholic, as did Sophia Ripley, and Elizabeth Peabody became a ? character. In the end, Emerson and Thoreau were easily the most well known out of the Transcendentalists.Emersons essays and Thoreaus Walden seemed to be more popular than the rest of the group (Bickman 4). The thoughts of the Transcendentalists still live on, but as for the writ ing, it has pretty much ended. Personally, I highly exhort that everyone should read at least one piece from the Transcendentalism period. The reading is very influential and gets the reader thinking about life and how things fall together. The readings also change the readers perception of religion and could bring on an interest in theology. From reading Nature and Walden myself, I became hooked on the thought of the oversoul and the internal light within us. The stories impacted my spiritual being, as well as my mind.The philosophies of Transcendentalists also make the reader wonder where the thoughts come from and how they derive these thoughts. In all, it is in a way needed that everyone reads some of the Transcendentalists work, just for a change in thought. Works Cited Bickman, Martin. An Overview of American Transcendentalism. Internet. Available http//www. vcu. edu/engwed/transcendentalism/ideas/definition. html 6 Apr 2004. Campbell, Donna M. American Transcendentalism. L iterary Moments. Internet. Available http//www. gonzaga. edu/faculty/campbell/enl311/amtrans. html 6 Apr 2004. Ralph Waldo Emerson. Internet. Available http//www. poets. org/poets.cfm? prmID=205 19 Apr 2004. Great Thinkers of the World. HarperCollins Publishers, 1999. 372. Reuben, Paul P. Chapter 4 Early Nineteenth Century ? American Transcendentalism A Brief Introduction. PAL Perspectives in American Literature ? A Research and Reference Guide. Internet. Available http//www. csustan. edu/english/reuben/pal/chap4/4intro. html 6 Apr 2004. Steinhart, Eric. Commentary on Ralph Waldo Emersons Nature. Internet. Available http//www. wpunj. edu/cohssi/philosophy/COURSES/PHIL218/NATURE. HTM 6 Apr 2004. Transcendentalism. The Cambridge History of American Literature. New York The Macmillan Company, 1917. 326 348.

Examine the ecological impacts of global warming for Arctic areas Essay

Global warming is the general increase in average temperature globally all over a period of time. This can have an effect on the frosty in a tidy sum of social, political and environmental ways For example, the Arctic Circle is home to over 150,000 Inuits, whose primary food extension is fish and seals. As a result of global warming, arctic ice has receded greatly over the live on 10 years, destroying seal hunting grounds, and so limiting access to Inuit food yield.Also, the melting of glaciers into the arctic waters is causing less fish to occupy the now fresh waters, causing polar bear and seal numbers to dwindle as there food source disappears. Such an impact to the Inuit food supply and main source of income would mean that communities would have to import food instead of hunting it, which would be unbelievably expensive (up to USD$ 1 million per year) due to their high protein requirements to help them cope with the harsh environment. Another environmental impact is the oppose feedback mechanism that artic ice secession creates.Arctic ice has a high albedo, moment it reflects a lot of solar radiation back into space. However, the sea and rock have a busted albedo, meaning these areas are warmer. As a result of the ice melting, the general albedo of the arctic is lowering, which in turn causes an increase in average temperature, and therefore increases ice melting even more, and so on. This negative feedback mechanism will also further babys room gas emissions by the thawing of permafrost. Beneath the permafrost anchor on arctic tundra, are thousands of gallons of methane, trapped there for thousands of years.As this permafrost begins to melt, the methane will be released, increasing the temperature and creating a similar feedback mechanism to the albedo effect stated above. Further so, the warming of the arctic means that the maneuver line (the line at which most forests much(prenominal) as coniferous forests, stop growing) will recede. Th is withdrawal of the tree line means that habitats for creatures normally found in the northern parts of Russia and Greenland (or other arctic regions) will begin to inhabit further into the arctic, putting pressure on animals currently living in the arctic circle, for example the arctic fox.The melting of the arctic regions has also uncovered opportunity for oil companies such as BP and shell to start drilling for oil in regions they couldnt previously drill in (for example the arctic pass). This increase in oil production can only further the greenhouse gas emissions, and spoil natural beauty of the area, and destroy habitats due to incidents such as oil spills (should they occur). oil production is not the only risk that is imposed, as Russia have also allowed for nuclear waste disposal in there arctic territory, poisoning habitats and killing wildlife.

Theory Of Evolution

I have always believed that it can take one person to kick the bucket the dinner gown rolling, but it takes a conclave to make an impact. Therefore, the concept of evolution via natural selection was a group effort. Darwin didnt work on scientific evolution alone. Within, the seven years Darwin was thinking and analyzing about his surmise, others were functional on it themselves. Darwin is certainly the father of evolution, but our current empathiseing of evolution desoxyribonucleic acid, natural selection, genetics, etc. has evolved by the scientific understanding of others.As with natural evolution, our understanding of hereditary transfer/natural selection has in addition evolved as well. Theories have been introduced since Darwin that have been proven both true and false scientific natural selection. However, would it have been proposed to the universe of discourse if not for Wallace? No theory can be proven true, unless somebody else takes the report and repeats the re search and comes up with same result. Wallace was a deep thinker, as was Darwin, so its no shock that they both conclude the same theory of evolution.Although, should Wallace have not assured Darwin of his theory we might have never cognise of a thing called evolution? Evolution was just the head start point for many new theories in short to be thought of. From evolution there arose natural selection. Together again, Darwin and Wallace created this theory. In order to verify their theory of natural selection, they had to dispute with Lemarck about variation. They both borrowed information from each other to better understand what they were seek to propose.Darwin new that, variation already existed, however he was unsure where this variation came from Park 199833. But by beholding what Lemarck had already concluded Darwin could continue on with his theory with knowledge from another source. In order to be valued, two parties must verify the results. In the process of re-examini ng a study, new knowledge is gained, theory is formed, and principals evolve. Darwin was the starting time point for many new theories, before he passed away. After Darwin was gone, there came Mendall, who showed us the unit of heredity and modern syntheses.Mendall thought of theories furthermost beyond Darwin, but to gain this knowledge he had to start with what Darwin had already concluded. In order to have theories evolve you need much than one mind. Knowledge of genetics and DNA has grown massively over the years, partly in response to technology. Of course, the basis of our knowledge came from Darwin, Wallace, Lemarck, and Mendall, but to profit on these theories we use our technology sources today. We are now capable of manipulating genes to possible altar evolution.When Darwin, Wallace, Lemarck, and Mendall were around they didnt posses the technology we have today. Since, technology we have been able to discover many new theories, as mentioned above. galore(postnominal ) people in this world start theories or discoveries, but in order to better understand them or draw a conclusion, you need more input from others. By giving or taking input other than your own youre able to see other peoples temperament of science. Take cars, for instance, the first car did not have a hood, nor could it even go over twenty-five miles per hour.Henry Ford knew he created something that could forever change the world, but it was also just a starting point. Fords basic idea of transportation has been built on for years. Cars these days are completely different. They are finer, more reliable, and they have hoods However, in order for cars to evolve to the way they are today, we needed input or suggestions from others. sometimes the best ideas are by those who just sit back and observe. It is like learning how to ride a bike.You can sit and watch someone get up on his or her bike and fall, discerning that if they would have just kept their balance evenly distributed t hey would have not fallen. So knowing the information, when you get up on your bike you remember to keep your weight balanced, subsequently you do not fall. scientific discovery is the social process. Had Darwin acted on it alone, our understanding of evolution would be far less. However, our current concept is far more comprehensive, this is entirely due to the contribution of several minds over an extended period of time.

linguistic feature in fairy tale

Once upon a time..these four little words reverberates in the souls of the children and flies their little mind into the imaginative sphere of magic, fairies, demons, witches, talking wolf who is always ready to capture sm in all and pretty children in its enthralling and mephistophelean jaws. These words squeeze the heart of the children while fetching them into the world of fantasy. These words ar the starting localize of the fairy tales that children love to hear and enjoys every moment of it. They have a universal appeal and are timeless, though depicting the culture of the time in which they are written.The fairy tales are unique in themselves and their uniqueness lies in the distinctive and thematic appeal with which they carry themselves. Despite their typical approach on that point is an ample scope for creativity and inculcate within children the values that are landed from times to generation in their innocent world. Several types of narrative styles and techniques puddle the part of fairy tails, yet all are distinct especially in the relationship which is developed between generator and audience. The genre lies in command the children and adults alike putting them into the textual journey before it starts. The basic characteristic of the fairy tale lies in the approach which the writers take in exploiting the narrative and linguistic features to the full capacity.The customal folk tales which utilize to start to oral traditions used to depend on their exceptional characteristics like prosodic phonology, intonation, the use of pauses, rhythm, the different qualities of voice, as well as on paralinguistic codes, among which gestures, mimicry, eye contact etc. Though written narratives cannot imply all these yet have developed their own independent style of narration. (Bruti, Which narrative features, 1999, para.17)The narrative form is encoded in a linguistic form by the use of the initial/final fixed phrases. (Bruti, Which narrative feat ures, 1999, para.16). The linguistic forms further depend in the genre and on the readers for which they are written. The main role of the linguistic form is to provide information with evidences in form of tales. One of the fixed phrases lies in the tradition of the opening and resolution formula, a typical example of which is Once upon a time and lived happily ever after.These expressions refer the closeness between writer and children. It creates enthusiasm among the readers and suspends their disbelief in world of fantasy in which the writer is taking them, for e.g. talking of animals, princess turning into frog unless Prince comes to kiss her and bring her to original human form etc.Besides these ritual formulas, the linguistic features include the maximum use of repetitions for making expressions and for the events to unfold. The repetition helps in the lento understanding of the texts, which reflects the mark of the oral tradition. Other basic linguistic features are the r edundant structures and they likewise put up similarity to the oral narratives. Ellipsis and co-ordination is the characteristic feature of redundant structure, which evolves due to the fact that writers write the stories from the children tumble and organizes the information in such a manner that they brings out the actual knowledge that should be imbibed to the children. The otherwise beauty of the fairly tale is the absence of detailed description. The physical description of characters is given much swelling then going deep into their nature and inner attributes. This is done to give semantic clarity and uniqueness. And in some(prenominal) fairy tales characters never change physically for e.g. If they are young, they will ever remain young.The agent can give in many cases some spatial or temporal information, for e.g. The case of hyperbolic distances like, he rode on a horse for thousands miles. Writers also have full scope for temporal deviations that room they can t emporarily deviate from the original path to put the excitement and enthusiasm among the readers with the help of creating the meeting of visualizations.Another feature that gives punch to the story is the impulse of the protagonists that is directly heard, and which derives him or her to comment and unfold the events taking place to create the influence on the readers. This feature is called as a Conative function, which according to dictionary mean mental process or behavior directed towards action or change and including impulse, desire, volition, and striving.The tenses are used frequently in the narration. The Tenses may be either commutative or narrative A commutative attitude comes with the involvement of the speaker, and his addressees. Narrative verb brings about detached attitude. Tenses are also classified into two categories, the retrospective, which depicts the olden events, and the perspective, which takes the readers to the future. Then the verbs are also used to d escribe the background actions.In fairy tales, that exclusively unavoidably to be notified is about the content or we call the theme which is ordinary i.e. it shows the frankness of the life and reality of the world but its beauty lies in the context of fiction and fantasy where it is fitted which makes it more interesting and ardent for the readers. It implies on the ordinary daily objects too like a mirror in which we look at ourselves. It shows the beauty of the princess but this mirror is used in a Snow White as a magic mirror having powers to show the witch her ugliness and update her about the Snow white.In many fairy tales like in the Danish fantastic tales for children, which as told in , Den fantastiske fortlling i dansk borne literatur 1967 2003 , there is an extensive use of figurative speech, specially natural metaphors and playing with the popular phrases and clichs. There is also distinguish between two traditions in fantastic tales, one is content oriented epic t radition and the other is language oriented experimental tradition. The first way is more communicative and the second trend included language that is easily grasped and makes an exclusive sense to the readers. There are also linguistic games and digressions, meta-linguistic elements, which more focus on the communicative style but not the content. (Centre for Childrens Literature, Denmark).Fairy tales are part of the childrens lives, and their world. They inter in the children the sense of belongingness to the Supernatural elements and rejuvenate their souls and give them encouragement. Though the prince, snow white, little red ridding hood, gruelling princess are all fictions but are part of the childrens life so the language of these fairy tales is the language of the children. References1. Bruti Silvia, November 1999. Approaching Writing Skills through Fairy Tales, The Internet, TESL Journal Vol. V, No. 11, (Online). Available(11 March 2007) 2. Centre for Childrens Literature , Denmark. oculus for bornelitteratur. (Online). Available http//www.cfb.dk/site.aspx?p=766 (11 March 2007) 3. Godard Barbara, 1979. Crawfords Fairy Tales, SCL/ELC Volume 4.1 1979 (Online). Available http//www.lib.unb.ca/Texts/SCL/bin/get.cgi?directory=vol4_1/filename=godard.htmhttp//ww (11 March 2007) 4. Hbert Louis, 2006. The Functions of Language, in Louis Hbert, (dir.), Signo on-line Rimouski (Quebec), (Online). Available http//www.signosemio.com. (11 March 2007)

An Investigation Into the Factors Influencing the Implementation

Chapter One Introduction 1. Introduction This chapter tout ensembleow broaden the substantiateground of the research problem, purpose of take, hypotheses, wideness of the study, and the scope of the study. The chapter introduces the major concepts of the study of strategic adhesivenesss and per sourer blasphemeing models. 1. 1. Background 1. 1. 1 Strategic Management wait on Although most support consent that a sures ability to survive and prosper dep contains on choosing and implementing a right(a) outline, at that place is less relaxation astir(predicate) what constitutes a good dodge (Barney, 2008).However, there seems to be an cartel as to what a system re all(prenominal)y means a rigids theory about how to strike emulous advantage. The strategic steering process is a sequential compensate of analyses and choices that sack up profit the likelihood that a firm entrust choose a strategy that generates warlike advantage (Hesterly, 2008). The scratch li ne step is mission (long term purpose) definition, followed by heapting of objectives, that is, particular measurable derrieres that a firm parts to mensurate the extent to which it is realizing its mission.The next phase argon the internal and outside(a) analyses, where a detai guide evaluation of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats is determine in regard to twain the internal and external environments. Once a firm establishes a sound balance between internal capabilities and weaknesses with external opportunities and threats, the management is in an informed built in bed to select strategies that presents the best look possible to achieve the firms objectives. Barney (2008) categorizes strategy choices into calling train strategies and corporate level strategies.Business-level strategies argon actions a firm takes to gain competitive advantage in a single mart and includes terms leadership, differentiation and focus. Corporate level strategies ar actions a firm takes to gain competitive advantage in quintuple markets and includes vertical integration strategies, strategic alliances, mergers and acquisitions. This study draws its subject on strategic alliances as a corporate-level strategy a firm may choose to achieve its commodious objectives. 1. 1. 2 Strategic AlliancesA strategic alliance exists whenever two or to a greater extent independent organizations cooperate in the development, manufacture, or barter of products or processs. These alliances can be groped into three broad categories non lawfulness alliances, equity alliances, and joint ventures (Barney, 2008). In a nonequity alliance, the conjunct relations are managed by dint of with(predicate) and through the use of various contracts licensing agreements, supply agreements, and distribution agreements. For instance, in the jargoning diligence, instrument banking move under distribution agreements since brokers are contracted by banks to offer bankin g run on behalf of the banks (C.G. A. P, 2009). 1. 1. 3 Agent swaning In a growing morsel of countries, banks and other mercenary monetary service providers are strippinging brand-fresh ways to make money and race through pecuniary services to unbanked race (Lyman, 2009). Rather than using bank branches and their own field officers, they offer banking and defrayment services through 3rd parties. For poor people, unbranched banking through sell ingredients may be far much convenient and high-octane than going to a bank branch (C. G. A. P, 2009).For m whatever poor customers, it volition be the first clock time they arrive recover to every formal financial servicesand formal services are unremarkably significantly safer and cheaper than informal alternates. ii models of branchless banking through retail instruments are emerging one led by banks, the other by non-bank mercenary actors (Lyman, 2009). Both use in system and communication technologies, such as ce ll phones, debit and prepaid bugs, and card readers to transmit transaction details from the retail mover or customer to the bank (C. G. A. P, 2009).Branchless banking through retail movers appeals to politymakers and regulators because it has the potential to anesthetize financial services to unbanked and marginalized communities. But it as well challenges them to contain What are the lucks of these new approaches, and are they different from those of stuffy branch- base banking? How should banks respond to these encounters, so as to brook branchless banking with retail federal promoters to operate safely and expand recover to finance (C. G. A. P, 2009). Agency banking can be understood by examining the experience of five ioneering countries Brazil, India, South Africa, the Philippines, and Kenyawhere actor-assisted branchless banking that targets poor customers is already a globe (Kumar, 2009). Some models of branchless bankingfor example, Internet banking and automa tic cashier machines (ATMs)can be seen as modest extensions of conventional branch-based banking. Other models offer a distinct alternative to conventional branch-based banking in that customers conduct financial transactions at a whole range of retail federal ingredients instead of at bank branches or through bank employees (Staschen, 2009).Agent-assisted branchless banking is comparatively new. Among the countries studied, the phenomenon ranges in age from only a few months (in the case of Kenya), to a few years (in the case of Brazil and some services in India). Outside of Brazil and the Philippines, branchless banking through retail agents reaches relatively few customers with a limited range of financial services (C. G. A. P, 2009). As compared with conventional branch-based banking, both models of agent-assisted branchless banking touch on issues that lie at the heart of traditionalistic bank regulation and supervision.One set of issues, common to both models, arises fro m the outsourcing of substantially all direct customer contact to a potentially infinite array of different types of retail agents (Lyman, 2009). According to F. S. D/Kenya, key issues to be considered are authorization of agent network managers, establishment of a register of agents, re cerebration of agent licensing requirements, competition & agent exclusivity, and need for consumer protection arrangements covering agents.Coupled with the risks associated with new operational platforms, these issues are likely to be of major interest to mercantile-grade banks and may thusly hamper the implementation of agent banking. 1. 2 Problem Statement In the year 2009, C. B. K became one of the founding members of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion (A. F. I) in September 2009. through A. F. I, C. B. K conducted a study tour of Brazil and Colombia to gain an understanding of Agent Banking. This model introduced through the Finance Act, 2009 entail the use of third parties by banks to e xtend their outreach cost terminationively.The National Financial admission charge Survey released in 2009 indicates that 32% of Kenyas bankable population re principal(prenominal)s corely excluded from any form of financial services. The Central Bank has therefore continued to promote policy solutions geared towards enhancing financial inclusion, with the foot of agent banking universe one of the initiatives. In a growing number of countries, banks are finding new ways of delivering financial services to unbanked people. The introduction of agent banking is intended to enable institutions to provide banking services in a more(prenominal) cost effective way which is equally cheaper to the customers (C.G. A. P, 2009). It is further intended to enhance financial memory access especially for those people who are currently unbanked, while giving banks an opportunity to increase their market shares (F. S. D/Kenya, 2009). Despite the strong presence of retail out permits showing i nterest to work with banks as agents, the acceptance of this model is rather slow. Since the coming into operations of the Guidelines on Agent Banking, only six banks stick out employ to the C. B. K for Agent cabbagework approval (C. B. K, 2010).Of these, only two applications had been granted approval by end of September 2010, while the other four were still in the early stages of review. As at thirtieth September 2010, CBK had approved 5,892 agents of which 4,392 of these agents are telecom related with 1,500 comprising other types of enterprises. In addition, 66% of the approved agents are in the rural areas while the rest are in urban areas. (C. B. K, 2010). This study therefore seeks to find out the factors influencing the implementation of agent-banking by mercenary banks in Kenya. 1. 3 PurposeThis study aims at discovering the factors behind the sloppy pace of agent banking implementation in Kenya, with emphasis on the position taken by commercialized banks in Kenya to wards agent-assisted banking models. The results of the study lead include comprehensive recommendations to both commercial banks and the industry regulator on possible strategies of making agent banking, as an alternative service delivery channel, a victory in bringing financial services closer to the poor and currently unbanked population. 1. 4 Objectives of the study 1. 4. 1 cosmopolitan objectiveThe general objective of the study is to lay factors influencing the implementation of agent banking in the Kenyan Financial service Sector. 1. 4. 2 Specific objectives The study aims to achieve the following specific objectives i. To determine how consumer protection influences the implementation of agent banking by commercial banks in Kenya ii. To determine how laws and regulations influences the implementation of agent banking by commercial banks in Kenya iii. To determine how risk desire affects the implementation of agent banking by commercial banks in Kenya iv.To find out the effect of overall craft strategy on the implementation of agent banking by commercial banks in Kenya. 1. 5 Hypotheses Table 1. 1 Hypotheses sets Set H0 HA 1 Consumer protection requirements influence the Consumer protection requirements have no influence on the implementation of agent banking by commercial banks in implementation of agent banking by commercial banks in Kenya. Kenya. 2 Unfavorable legal and regulative guidelines on agent Legal and regulatory guidelines on agent networks have no networks affect the implementation of agent banking by effect on the implementation of agent banking by commercial commercial banks in Kenya. banks in Kenya. 3 Low risk appetite influences the operationalization of Low risk appetite has no effect on the operationalization of agent banking by commercial banks in Kenya. agent banking by commercial banks in Kenya. 4 Lack of an set forth business strategy on agent bankingBusiness strategies have no effect on the bridal of agent a ffects the adoption of agent banking models among banking models among commercial banks in Kenya commercial banks in Kenya 1. 6 Scope The study go forth cover duly registered commercial banks in Kenya, with information being gathered preferably from the headquarters of the institutions.Respondents pass on be individuals holding managerial position related to retail banking, channels management, risk management and marketing or strategy functions. All aspects of service delivery by third ships company agents entrust form the main subject of the study. 1. 7 Significance of the study 1. 7. 1 To regulatory authorities The study forget be of major use to the CBK, Central government and other oversight bodies as it give birth insights on the unique attributes of the Kenyan banking sector and identification of potential problem areas in the quest of increasing financial inclusion through alternative channels.This will go along pay in guiding policy decisions that can be exploite d to make banking services conveniently available all segments of the population. 1. 7. 2 To commercial Banks The study is important to Commercial bank managers since it will help them appreciate the magnitude of potential personnel casualty of business opportunities to their competitors referable to lack of flexible strategic planning. The report will also produce precious industry selective information that can be used by commercial banks to develop comprehensive business strategies on agent banking as key potential problem areas in the banking model will be identified and quantified. . 7. 3 To academicians and tecs The study will be a source of reference material for afterlife researchers on related topics it will also help other academicians who undertake the same topic in their studies. The study will highlight important relationships that require further research this may be in the areas of relationships between firms performance and delivery channels dynamics. 1. 8 Limita tions of the study This study will be confined to the headquarters of 12 Commercial Banks in Kenya.The responses given might be little to make generalizations for the whole banking sector. This problem will however be averted by stratifying the population into three categories based on asset book coat and market reach, and in line with the classification provided by the industry regulator, followed by random sampling. This will ensure that the sample will indeed be a honest representative of the population. 1. 9 Assumptions The study assumes that consumer protection requirements, low risk appetite, cumbersome regulations and regulatory business strategies have a negative influence on the adoption of agent banking models in Kenya.The study further assumes that nerve center and top level bank managers in the areas of retail banking, marketing, strategy and risk management are familiar(predicate)(predicate) with the subject of service delivery through third party agents. 1. 10 D efinitions Strategy- a firms theory about how to gain competitive advantage Strategic management process sequential set of analyses and choices that can increase the likelihood that a firm will choose a strategy that generates competitive advantage Strategic alliances arrangements where two or more independent organizations cooperate in the development, manufacture, or change of products or servicesAgent banking a banking model where commercial banks offer their core services through third party intermediaries Consumer protection set of guidelines a firm/industry employs to cover its customers from any form of exploitation due to their vulnerable position in a business transaction Risk appetite the amount of departure a firm is ready to absorb due to risk events Risk uncertainty in the natural event of loss or gain Reputation risk risk of loss resulting from compromised external opinion towards a firm Operational risk risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed inter nal processes, people and systems, or from external eventsLiquidity risk risk that an imbalance between cash inflows and outflows will result in shy(predicate) cash reserves to meet all demands of the depositors. Chapter Two writings Review 2. 0 Introduction This chapter presents the lit review and theories, and conceptual mannequin adopted in the study of strategic alliances and more specifically, the evolution of agent banking. In addition, an empirical work has been reviewed with the final presentation of conceptual and operational simulations of the study. 2. 1 Theoretical Literature ReviewThe sections analyses current theories related to strategic management process, strategic choice, strategic alliance threats and opportunities, and their relevance in the agent banking models. Research gaps and theoretical weaknesses have also been identified. 2. 1. 1 Strategic Management Process Although most can agree that a firms ability to survive and prosper depends on choosing and i mplementing a good strategy, there is less agreement about what constitutes a good strategy (Barney, 2008). However, there seems to be an agreement as to what a strategy really means a firms theory about how to gain competitive advantage.The strategic management process is a sequential set of analyses and choices that can increase the likelihood that a firm will choose a strategy that generates competitive advantage (Hesterly, 2008). The first step is mission (long term purpose) definition, followed by setting of objectives, that is, specific measurable targets that a firm uses to evaluate the extent to which it is realizing its mission. The next phase are the internal and external analyses, where a critical evaluation of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats is make in regard to both the internal and external environments.Once a firm establishes a sound balance between internal capabilities and weaknesses with external opportunities and threats, the management is in an informed position to select strategies that presents the best way possible to achieve the firms objectives. Barney (2008) categorizes strategy choices into business level strategies and corporate level strategies. Business-level strategies are actions a firm takes to gain competitive advantage in a single market and includes cost leadership, differentiation and focus.Corporate level strategies are actions a firm takes to gain competitive advantage in multiple markets and includes vertical integration strategies, strategic alliances, mergers and acquisitions. This study draws its subject on strategic alliances as a corporate-level strategy a firm may choose to achieve its broad objectives. One major weakness of this framework is that it presents strategic management in a form of series while in real sense, management decisions are made within a network of closely interwoven and interrelated activities. For instance, S. W. O.T depth psychology is done at every stage in the strateg ic management process 2. 1. 2 Strategic Alliances A strategic alliance exists whenever two or more independent organizations cooperate in the development, manufacture, or sale of products or services. These alliances can be groped into three broad categories nonequity alliances, equity alliances, and joint ventures (Barney, 2008). In a nonequity alliance, cooperating firms agree to work together to develop, manufacture, or sell products or services, but they do not take equity positions in each other or form an independent organizational unit to manage their cooperative efforts.Rather, these cooperative relations are managed through the use of various contracts licensing agreements, supply agreements, and distribution agreements. For instance, in the banking industry, agent banking falls under distribution agreements as agents are contracted by banks to offer banking services on behalf of the banks (C. G. A. P, 2008). The classification according to Barney (2008) is in agreement wit h that given by Day (1990) and gives a clear tone between strategic alliances and mergers and acquisitions.However, other writers have questioned this classification as merger could be indeed be a form of strategic alliances involving capital. 2. 1. 3 Strategic Alliance Opportunities Strategic alliances create value by exploiting opportunities and neutralizing threats facing a firm. Opportunities associated with strategic alliances fall into three large categories. First, these alliances can be used to remediate performance of a firms current operations. Second, alliances can be used to create a competitive environment favorable to superior firm performance.Finally, they can be used to facilitate a firms entry into or exit from new markets or industries (Hesterly, 2008). therefore, the major reason wherefore most firms cooperate is to increase efficiencies and open more avenues of improving firms performance. However, Hesterly (2008) has not clearly whether opportunities of strat egic alliances imbibe firms or it is the business needs that compel firms to initiate alliances in the market. 2. 1. 4 Strategic Alliance Threats unsloped as there are incentives to cooperate in strategic alliances, there are also incentives to sell on these cooperative agreements.Indeed, research shows that as many as one-third of all strategic alliances do not meet the expectations of at least one alliance partner (Barney, 2008). In the case of allocator agreements (nonequity alliance), the producers often evaluate the threats of the alliance using a framework of risk. The risk based approach has peculiarly been adopted in the financial services contracting in countries like Brazil and Mexico. (C. G. A. P, 2006) Hesterly (2008) has highlighted four issues of meet to forming strategic alliances consumer protection, legal / regulatory implications, competitive networks, Reputational and operational risks.In addition, an organization needs to have an overall business strategy th at is open to strategic linkages with other entities. Lyman (2009) has brought these threats into perspective while studying the branchless banking model in Brazil, Kenya and the Philippines. 2. 1. 4. 1 Consumer Protection And Resolution Of Grievances According to Lyman (2009), any of the foregoing categories of risk triggers consumer protection concerns if the resulting loss falls on customers. Use of retail agents may also increase the risk that customers will be inefficient to understand their rights and press claims when aggrieved.Customers are protected against fraud by laws and regulations in the countries studied. But it is not invariably clear to customers how they will be protected against fraud when they use retail agents to conduct financial transactions. 2. 1. 4. 2 Legal / Regulatory Risks Since industry regulators have had little experience with agent banking models and are still adjusting actual rules to address them (or had yet to begin this process), some level of legal and regulatory uncertainty and ambiguity for both the banks and nonbanks (and to a lesser extent also for retail agents) has remained.Once a model becomes widely used in a country, these uncertainties and ambiguities could take on a systemic dimension if, for example, several banks with significant operations conducted through retail agents suddenly face an unfavorable interpretation that challenges their authority to transact business through retail agents or the enforceability of related legal agreements (Lyman, 2009) 2. 1. 4. 3 Operational Risk Operational risk refers to potential losses resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events. For banks and nonbanks that use retail agents and rely on electronic communications to settle transactions, a variety of potential operational risks arise. For example, customers or retail agents could trust fraud, or a banks equipment or other property could be stolen from a retail agents premises. Financial loss for banks or nonbanks (and also potentially for customers) can also keep from data leaks or data loss from hacker attacks, inadequate physical or electronic security, or poor backup systems (Lyman, 2009). 2. 1. 4. 4 Reputation Risk When retail agents under perform or are robbed, banks public image may suffer.Many operational risks mentioned (such as the loss of customer records or the leakage of secret customer data) also can cause reputational risk, as can liquidity shortfalls in the retail agents cash drawer. Moreover, reputation risk can spread from one bank or nonbank to another(prenominal) and take on systemic dimensions (Lyman, 2009) 2. 1. 4. 5 Liquidity Risk Retail agents, especially those that are relatively small, unsophisticated, and remote, may not have enough cash to meet customers requests for withdrawals and may lack experience in the more complex liquidity management required for offering financial services.To manage liquidity effectively, r etail agents must balance several variable stars, including turnover of cash, ease of access to the retail agents bank account, and processing time of transactions, among others (C. G. A. P, 2008). 2. 1. 4. 6 Business Strategy Although most can agree that a firms ability to survive and prosper depends on choosing and implementing a good strategy, there is less agreement about what constitutes a good strategy (Barney, 2008). According to Aaker (1998), t is usually very difficult to augur how competition in an industry will evolve, and so it is rarely possible to know for sure that a firm is choosing the right strategy and this is why a firms strategy is almost ever so a theory. However, this theory sets the tone at which competition evolution is handled in the future. For a firm to make the choice of making strategic alliances, the overall business strategy must be open to the formation of strategic linkages with other entities.This fact has been acknowledged by the Central Bank of Kenya which has directed that for any commercial bank to be allowed to offer services through third party agents, it must have an elaborate business strategy on agent banking (CBK guidelines on Agent Banking, 2010). In summary, the classification of threats in agent banking models as given by Lyman (2009) appears to be widely accepted by industry players as the framework was drawn from case studies done in the banking industry in the pioneering countries.However, the framework fails to suggest possible avenues of avoiding or at least neutralizing these threats to be used as a guideline by financial institutions which are interested in agent banking models. More research is indeed required to meet this gap if assurance banking is to be the new frontier of increasing financial inclusion. 2. 2 Empirical Review The concept of agent banking has only taken momentum in the twenty first century, with Brazil being a success story of branch-less banking. Other countries where the banking app roach has been implemented are South Africa, India, Mexico, Kenya and the Philippines.In Kenya, the idea of agent banking evolved from the innovations of the mobile telecommunications company, Safaricom Ltd, with its advanced and transformative money transfer service, M-PESA. In 2009, the Banking Act was amended to allow commercial banks use agents in their outreach to extend the formal financial services access frontier. Three organizations have been instrumental in studying agent banking models and their contribution to the universal goal of raising financial inclusion among the poor. These organizations are F. S.D/K (Financial Sector Deepening, Kenya), C. B. K (Central Bank of Kenya) and C. G. A. P (Consultative Group to Assist the Poor). In an effort to promote financial access by the majority of Kenyans, the Central Bank and the banking sector continued with initiatives to put in place a quote information sharing mechanism which would enable individuals to use their informati on capital as collateral to access bank services. Further, the amendment of the Banking Act to permit banks to use agents in their outreach would also extend the formal financial services access frontier.In 2009, banks pursued revenue growth strategies based on their ability to acquire new customers and cross-selling more products and services to existing customers by leveraging on technology (C. B. K, 2010). In a growing number of countries, banks and other financial service providers are finding new ways to make money and deliver financial services to unbanked people (C. G. A. P, 2009). Rather than using bank branches and their own field officers, they offer banking and payment services through third parties.For many poor customers, it would be the first time they have access to any formal financial servicesand formal services were usually significantly safer and cheaper than informal alternatives. Two models of branchless banking through retail agents have emerged one led by bank s, the other by non-bank commercial actors (Lyman, 2009). Both use information and communication technologies, such as cell phones, debit and prepaid cards, and card readers to transmit transaction details from the retail agent or customer to the bank (C. G. A. P, 2009).For example, customers of Caixa Economica Federal, a Brazilian state-owned bank, could open and deposit money in a current account, make person-to-person transfers, and get loansall using simple bankcards and card readers at over 12,000 lottery outlets, supermarkets, and even butcher shops (Lyman, 2009). In Kenya Customers could use their phone to send and receive M-PESA, make payments to other people and shops, and store money for future use (F. S. D/K, 2010). Branchless banking through retail agents appeals to policymakers and regulators because it has the potential to extend financial services to unbanked and marginalized communities.But it also challenges them to ask What are the risks of these new approaches, an d are they different from those of conventional branch-based banking? How should banks respond to these risks (C. G. A. P, 2009) F. S. D/Kenya and C. G. A. P have done immense research and advocacy on agent banking. Agency banking can be understood by examining the experience of five pioneering countries Brazil, India, South Africa, the Philippines, and Kenyawhere agent-assisted branchless banking that targets poor customers is already a reality (Kumar, 2009).Branchless banking represents a new distribution channel that allows financial institutions and other commercial actors to offer financial services outside traditional bank premises. Lyman (2009) has outlined two models of agent banking. One model of branchless bankingfor example, Internet banking and automatic teller machines (ATMs)can be seen as modest extensions of conventional branch-based banking. Other models offer a distinct alternative to conventional branch-based banking in that customers conduct financial transactions at a whole range of retail agents instead of at bank branches or through bank employees (C. G. A.P, 2009). This concept has introduced new risks and other regulatory issues in the industry. For regulators, the task is not to try to eliminate these risks, but to balance them appropriately with the benefits of branchless bankingincluding grow outreach of financial services. Of the countries so far studied, Kenya may best reflect the situation of most developing and revolution countries (F. S. D Kenya, 2010). policymakers and regulators have greeted branchless banking with a mixture of great enthusiasm for its potential to expand access and real concern about new risks for vulnerable customers and the financial system.The case for accepting bank agents in Kenya has already been accepted by policy makers and regulators in Kenya the question is how to regulate and supervise this (FSD Kenya. 2010). In addition, it is left(p) to the individual banks to decide whether they will use the model to meet their strategic objectives. The Central Bank of Kenya has indeed placed a requirement for an elaborate business strategy on agent banking before any approval is given for agent networks. Section 2. 3. 2. f CBK guidelines on agent banking approval requires the applying institution to have a delivery channel strategy and how agents fit in the strategy, feasibility study of the global view of future operations and development of the agent business for a minimum period of three years and a business strategy for agent banking (C. B. K, 2010). According to FSD-Kenya, key issues to be considered are review of agent licensing requirements, risk management, and need for consumer protection arrangements covering agents.These issues are likely to be of major concern to commercial banks and may indeed hamper the implementation of agent banking. The threats associated with agent banking have not gone unnoticed. Indeed most commercial banks are taking a rather conservative position regarding the implementation of agent banking model. Like F. S. D/K, C. G. A. P (2009), has identified three issues that agent banking, as a strategic alliance orientation, poses to both the regulator and the market players reputational and operational risks, consumer protection, regulatory framework and business strategies at the institutional level. On its part, C. B.K has alluded that any bank wishing to operate through agents must have an elaborate business strategy on agent banking before any approval is given. 2. 3. 1 Conceptual Framework pic Independent Variables symbiotic Variable Figure 2. 1 Conceptual framework Source (Author, 2010) 2. 3. 2. Operational Framework pic Dependent variable Independent variables Parameters Figure 2. 2 Operational framework Source (Author, 2010) Chapter Three Research Methodology 3. 0 Introduction This chapter presents the methodology that will be used to carry out this study.Research methodology is defined as an operational framework within w hich the facts are placed so that their meaning may be seen more clearly. The task that follows the definition of the research problem is the preparation of the design. The methodology of this research includes the research design, population to be studied and sampling strategy, the data collection process, the instruments to be used for gathering data, and how data will be analyzed and presented. 3. 1 Research Design In this study a survey design will be used. This research problem can best be studied through the use of a survey.This method portrays an accurate profile of persons, events, or situations. Surveys allow the collection of large amount of data from a sizable population in a highly economical way. It allows one to collect quantitative data, which can be analyzed quantitatively using descriptive and/or inferential statistics. 3. 2 Population The population of study will consist of 46 commercial banks in Kenya. Target population in statistics is the specific population abo ut which information is desired. A population is a well defined set of people, services, elements, and events, separate of things or households that are being investigated.This definition ensures that population of interest is homogeneous. Population studies, also called census are more representative because everyone has equal chance to be included in the final sample that is drawn. The target population of this study will be all the 46 commercial banks in Kenya registered under the banking act. The study will focus on the headquarters of the banks, especially risk, marketing, strategy and retail divisions since they are the most conversant with the strategic directions of the banks in regard to the subject of the study. Table 3. 1 Target Population Class Net Assets Population Percentage % (000,000 KES) (Frequency) Large Banks 15,000 19 42 Medium Banks 5,000 14,999 14 32 small-scale Banks 5,000 12 26 Total 45 100 Source (C. B. K, 2010) 3. 3 Sample size The sample size in this study will consist of 12 commercial banks in Kenya. The researcher will imply the marketing managers, retail banking managers, and risk/compliance managers (preferably two managers from each of the mentioned functional areas) from each bank.This means that the total respondents in this study will be 72 in number. 3. 4 Sampling technique The researcher will use stratified random sampling to select 12 commercial banks out of 46 banks. The researcher will in this case consider all the commercial banks and choose 12 of them in a manner that will make the sample a true up representative of the population. The population will be stratified into three categories according to the market shares and in line with the CBK classification of financial institutions. In each class, the researcher will select a random sample so that each keepsake in the population has the same probability of being selected as part of the sample as any other item. Table 3. 2 Sample size Classes Respondent s Target Population (2/Bank)Sample size (2 region respondents * 4 banks per class) Large marketing/strategy Managers 38 8 21% Retail-Banking Managers 38 8 21% Risk/ obligingness managers 38 8 21% Medium Marketing/strategy Managers 28 8 28% Retail-Banking Managers 28 8 28% Risk/Compliance managers 28 8 28% Small Marketing/strategy Managers 24 8 33% Retail-Banking Managers 24 8 33% Risk/Compliance managers 24 8 33% Source(Author, 2010. ) 3. 5Instruments. The researcher will use primary data (questionnaires) to carry out the study. The questionnaires will include structured (close-ended) and unstructured (open-ended) questions. The structured questions will be used in an effort to conserve time and money as well as to facilitate in easier analysis as they are in immediate usable form while the unstructured questions will be used so as to encourage the respondent to give an in-depth and felt response without feeling held back in revealing any information.With unstructured questions, a respondents response may give an insight to his feelings, background, hidden motivation, interests and decisions and give as much information as possible without holding back. 3. 6 Validity and Reliability The questionnaires to be used are estimated to be reliable as sets of questions measuring a single concept have been groped together, resulting in a high degree of internal consistency. In addition, the instruments will be subjected to a test-retest procedure before being distributed to the main respondents. The variables have been operationalized into parameters that represent issues which are handled on a day to day basis under normal business activities in the industry being studied.Besides, the selected respondents have been drawn from personalities with knowledge, experience and influence on matters forming the subject. This will ensure that the instrument actually measures the true situation, opinions and predictions on agent banking in Kenya. A su rvey designed will be used in this study because of its strength associated with collecting data in a real life situation. In addition, the sampling technique (random stratified) and the proposition of drawing respondents from relevant divisions in the head offices of commercial banks will increase the external validity as the results could be generalized to the entire banking sector in Kenya. 3. info Collection info will be collected using the drop and pick method. The method is deemed appropriate as all respondents are expected to be found within a small geographical area, that is, the city of Nairobi. This is conjugated by the possibility of face to face interaction with the respondents which is likely to increase the response rate. 3. 8 Data Processing and Analysis Once the completed questionnaires have been received, the raw data will be emended to ensure accuracy, completeness and consistency as well as identifying cases where a respondent may give more than one response i n a question that would otherwise generate a single answer.A codebook of questionnaire items will then be developed and used to enter responses into a computer spreadsheet which would then be trade by S. P. S. S. Data will be analyzed using a multiple regression model. This will enable the researcher to make possible predictions about the study. A multivariate regression model will be applied to determine the relative importance of each of the three variables with respect to the implementation of agent banking by commercial banks in Kenya. The regression model will be as follows y = ? 0+ ? 1X1 + ? 2X2 + ? 3X3 + ? 4X4 + ? Where Y = Implementation of agent banking ?0 = Constant Term ?1, ? 2, ? 3, ? 4 = Regression coefficients associated with consumer protection, risk appetite, laws & regulations and restrictive business strategy respectivelyX1= consumer protection X2= risk appetite X3= laws and regulations X4= constraining Business strategy. 3. 9 Presentation of Findings The finding s will be presented using tables and charts. Tables will be used to summarize responses for further analysis and facilitate comparison. This will generate quantitative reports through tabulations, percentages, and measures of central tendency. 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Vol. 59, July, pp. 63-74 Consumer protection Regulatory issues Risk appetite Business strategy Agent Banking Implementation Grievance Handling Information Confidentiality Fraud & employee theft Reputational risk Operational risk Liquidity Risk Agent Registration Agent control & monitoring encroach resolution Channel strategy Feasibility studies Technical Expertise Consumer Protection Risk Appetite Laws & Regulations Restrictive &e(2CUVCO business strategy Agent Banking Implementation (Number of banks)